This post was originally posted on the Rochester Beacon website on February 17, 2020 under the title Albany's False Notion of Prosperity.
The factors that made Rochester a bustling, growing center of economic activity in the 19th and 20th Centuries are no longer relevant. Founded around a river that emptied into the busy shipping lanes of the Great Lakes and connected to the Port of New York by the Erie Canal and railways, Rochester was a shining light on the western frontier in the early 19th Century. Its fortunes rose during the second industrial revolution as George Eastman founded Kodak, an enterprise that not only was a center of innovation but also attracted human capital.
Our city has always occupied a middle space between urban centers like New York, Chicago and Los Angeles and rural company towns that rely on one major employer for their economic well-being. In the last quarter century, Rochester has been treading water while manufacturers in company towns migrated their workforce to low-wage countries leaving them to the ravages of economic irrelevancy. Some have taken matters in hand, embraced 21st Century industry and created conditions that promote prosperity.
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At the end of every supply chain is a consumer. We buy goods and services depending upon our whims and capacity of our wallets. Companies competing for our dollars have moved us from cable TV to streaming video, from landline phones to mobile and from postage stamps to email. The home cities of firms driving those changes benefit from the downstream effects of their success. Those cities – Boston, Seattle, Palo Alto -- attract the attention of investors and the momentum of investments creates boomtowns.
It’s possible for smaller cities to become magnets for investment too. Chattanooga, TN (population 179,000) famously transformed itself from fading rustbelt casualty to tech center boomtown by investing $330 million to bring no-latency internet to citizens and businesses. The non-profit Kauffman Center outlined three intertwined layers leading to the success of the initiative. The drive for 21st Century relevance began with the mayor’s vision of his low-cost-of-living hometown as a magnet for technology startups. Abandoning the usual dogma of the left and right, business and government worked together cooperatively to obtain a federal grant to fund one-third of the project. Not satisfied with “If you build it, they will come” city government sweetened the pie with financial incentives for I.T. professionals to move to their city. Small though it may still be, Chattanooga’s metro area population has grown 11% in the last decade.
Charlotte, NC – once the same size as Rochester and now two and a half times its size – attracted new businesses and jobs the old-fashioned way. Lower taxes and proactive city and state governments worked for decades to make the city what it is today. Rochester could duplicate that success. We have a highly qualified workforce, entrepreneurial energy and an enviable array of colleges and universities.
So, how do we New Yorkers (and Rochesterians) ensure we get a larger slice of the pie?
A group of local business organizations has created ROC2025. Describing itself as a “powerful new alliance of economic development organizations,” they have declared themselves in favor of Mom and apple pie. It’s difficult not to support any of their initiatives: workforce development, support for existing businesses, enhancing new business attraction and so on. But, in the end, we’re just whistling past the graveyard. The overhead of high taxes, a heavy regulatory burden and a city school system that doesn’t graduate students prepared for the real world of work is simply too much for our local economy to bear.
A prominent feature of Governor Cuomo’s administration has been economic development programs targeted at upstate New York. And, for good reason. The state only shows good economic results by virtue of the overwhelming success of Wall Street. The governor took office as the nation (and Wall Street) was climbing out of the deep hole dug by the Great Recession. So, while he loves to tout his record of having “created” over a million jobs during his reign, it is noteworthy that the rate of job growth is below the national average. Also noteworthy is that over 70% of those new jobs were created in the New York metropolitan area.
The non-partisan Citizens’ Budget Commission estimates the state spent roughly $10 billion on economic development in 2018. Nevertheless, New York leads the nation in population loss. Business interests and the conservative Empire Center claim the high tax and abysmal regulatory environment is the culprit (a claim with which I agree). The governor claims it’s our lousy winter weather. Whatever the reason, it’s fair to say that so-called investments by government haven’t created a booming upstate New York economy.
Government is unduly influenced by special interests and even the best and most ethical participants are unlikely to get it right for one big reason: They don’t have their own money invested in the enterprises they endeavor to help. As for the enterprises, those seeking money from the government would rather spend the taxpayers’ money than their own as they should or would otherwise.
Economic prosperity is rooted in private capital invested in promising enterprises. Rochester could create the conditions that enabled Chattanooga’s success with local leadership embracing a vision and seeing it through. But that vision, whatever form it takes, would be undermined by a state government addicted to the notion prosperity should and can only be enabled by central government.
WHO WILL LEAD?
