Remember Mr. Rogers?
My kids would sit in rapt attention watching his show on public
television. For some reason, his
soothing voice and always-nice patter drove adults crazy, much like the purple
dinosaur that succeeded him as toddler favorite. The theme song for the show, It’s a Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood,
might well describe the Rochester, NY suburb in which I now live.
Nice neighborhoods create a terrific environment for
kids. Growing up, my brothers and I went
to good schools, had a strong family culture and always felt safe. Eighty-six percent of my high school
graduating class went on to college.
Last week, NPR reported on a study by a Harvard University team,
led by Professor Raj Chetty. Titled the
“Moving to Opportunity Study (MOS)”,
the team reports on new data about neighborhoods and how they affect economic
prospects. This study was a follow up
to the Equality of Opportunity Project, a study that examined the factors
leading to equality of opportunity in the 50 largest cities in the U.S. Their conclusion, which I first discussed in
a blog post in February 2104 (Confessionsof a Former Yuppie), was that cities with less segregation, more stable
families and better education tended to have greater social mobility.
The MOS dug deeper. In
the 1990’s, the federal Department of Housing and Development (HUD) provided
vouchers to 4600 families in poor neighborhoods that enabled them to move to
better neighborhoods. A follow up by
HUD, reported by the National Bureau of Economics after 10 to 15 years, found
improved health among those who moved to better neighborhoods. However, their economic prospects hadn’t
improved.
But, the Harvard team found that, after 20 years, the
children of those families were performing better in measures of economic
self-sufficiency. For example, they were
30% more likely to have gone to college and their annual incomes were 30%
higher than their peers in the neighborhoods they had left behind.
Further, the study validated that the earlier a child moved
out of poor neighborhoods, the better they did.
“Every year matters,” avers Dr. Chetty.
This study tracks with other studies done at both Princeton
and Stanford, reported by CityLab last year.
It seems clear, or perhaps intuitive, that one’s surroundings affect
behavior, values and other attributes leading to economic well-being.
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Perhaps that’s what made me think of Mr. Rogers’
Neighborhood. It was a positive
environment that emphasized emotional development, self-worth, values and the behaviors
that contribute to well-being.
Even in poor
neighborhoods, there are attributes of households that lead to success. As I discussed in a post in March of last
year (Movin’ on Up: How George JeffersonSucceeded), a study – the Early Childhood LongitudinalStudy (ECLS)
– attributed success to the level of the mother’s education, the number of
books in the household and two parent families, among many other factors. Black children underperformed all
others but if one controls for the other factors, black children performed as
well as their white and Asian peers.
In other words, there was no difference in the
performance of white and black children from two parent families with a
well-educated mother and a home full of books.
Those in government and the non-profit community concerned
with social welfare and income inequality would do well to consider these data
when formulating solutions. It is
unlikely that a one-size-fits-all central planning approach to these challenges
will succeed. As a friend of mine,
Germaine Smith-Baugh, CEO of the Urban League of Broward County, puts it: “Give me a family and
I’ll give you a block. Give me a block and I’ll give you a neighborhood. Give me a neighborhood and I’ll give you a community.”
Mr. Rogers would have
agreed.
WHO WILL LEAD?
